Crude Oil Tankers Slide 01 of 22

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Falls of Clyde, a sailing ship that used to carry oil in drums. Source of photograph unknown.

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Gluckauf, first designed tanker. Bridge & some accommodation midships. Engineroom, funnel & some accommodation aft.

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Tanker in Cape Town in about 1935. Same basic design as Gluckauf.

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Shell “H-class” tankers. 30 were built between 1953 and 1958 to carry refined oil products.

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Universe Leader, the largest ship in the world (about 830000 deadweight) when built in 1957.

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Universe Kuwait, built 1968. First tanker over 300000 dwt and over 300m in length. By this time, tanker design had moved accommodation and engineroom aft

Crude Oil Tankers Slide 8 of 22

ULCC: Ultra-Large Crude Carrier

Deadweight: Over 320 000 dwt
Length: Over 320 metres
Draught: About 23 metres
Cargo: Crude oil only

Used for longer trades and for ports/offshore buoys where draught limitations allow the vessels to enter or work cargoes. Jahre Viking, largest ship at Milford Haven, Wales. Source of photograph unknown.

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ULCC: Ultra-Large Crude Carrier

A Length of typical tanker: XXXm
B Height of Signal Hill: XXXm
C: Height of 20-story building: XXXm

Crude Oil Tankers Slide 10 of 22

VLCC: Very Large Crude Carrier

Deadweight: From around 160 000–320 000 dwt
Length: From around 250-300m
Draught: About 19m
Cargo: Crude oil only

Used for longer trades and for ports/offshore buoys where draught limitations allow the vessels to enter or work cargoes. Photograph: Andrew Ingpen

Crude Oil Tankers Slide 11 of 22

Suezmax Tankers: Can pass through Suez fully laden

Deadweight: About 150 000 dwt
Length: 250 metres
Draught: 14 metres
Cargo: Usually crude oil

Photograph: Teekay Corporation

Crude Oil Tankers Slide 12 of 22

Aframax Tankers: Can pass through Suez and Panama canals fully laden

Deadweight: From 75 000-150 000 dwt
Length: 200-250 metres
Draught: 12 metres
Cargo: Usually crude oil

Usually used for shorter trades and for shallower ports. Note the pipes on the foredeck. These are used for the ship’s cargo. Photograph: Teekay Corporation

Crude Oil Tankers Slide 13 of 22

Foredeck – Aframax tanker. Photograph: Teekay Corporation

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Looking forward on an Aframax tanker. Photograph: Teekay Corporation

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A: Cargo manifolds on an Aframax tanker.
B: Crane used to lift heavy reinforced hoses to connect to the manifolds.

Photograph: Teekay Corporation

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Connecting the shoreside hoses to the manifold prior to loading or discharging cargo.

Photograph: Teekay Corporation

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Connecting a hose to the manifold.

Photograph: Teekay Corporation

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Hose connected to the manifold and loading or discharging of the cargo can begin.

Photograph: Teekay Corporation

Crude Oil Tankers Slide 18 of 22

Tanker general arrangement plan

• 1: No 1 Tank (Divided into Port, Centre and Starboard Tanks)
• 2: No 2 Tank (Divided into Port, Centre and Starboard Tanks and Water Ballast tanks)
• 3: No 3 Tank (Divided into Port, Centre and Starboard Tanks)
• 4: No 4 Tank (Divided into Port, Centre and Starboard Tanks)
• 5: No 5 Tank (Divided into Port, Centre and Starboard Tanks)
• A: Steering Gear
• B: Fuel Oil
• C: Diesel Oil; Port Tank: Distilled Water Starboard Tank: Lubrication Oil
• D: Fuel Oil
• E: Engine Space
• F: Coffer Dam
• G: Fresh Water
• H: Water Ballast
• I: Forepeak tank: Water Ballast
•J: Foc'scle Head

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Tanker general arrangement plan

A: Accomodation
B: SL
C: Aft Peak Tank
D: Engine Room
E: Cofferdam
F: Forepeak Tank

Crude Oil Tankers Slide 21 of 22

Tanker - cross-section

A: Deck
B: Ullage
C: Freeboard
D: Depth
E: Cargo tanks
F: Double skin
H: Draught
G: Bottom tanks
I: Beam

  Ullage: space above the cargo in a tanker’s tanks. To prevent it from filling with highly explosive gas emitted from the cargo, the space is filled with inert gas (i.e. gas that does not support combustion) e.g.: Carbon gases from the engine exhausts, or nitrogen.

Crude Oil Tankers Slide 22 of 22

A: Cargo Tanks
B: Double Skin