1. Read through the extract from lloyd’s register below. You will need to use some of the information in this extract to answer some of the questions

Sometimes a part-cargo of one product is available for shipment. Several of these part-cargoes can be shipped in one ship, usually a Panamax or a Handysize bulker. The following cargoes will be shipped from Durban in the bulker Sea Hawk to Oslo (first discharge port) and Bergen (second discharge port.) Both of those ports are in Norway.

She will load these cargoes with her own cranes and also will discharge the cargo with her own cranes.

1.1   Look at the cargo carried by Sea Hawk.

1.1.1   How many tons of cargo will be loaded in Durban by Sea Hawk?                    

1.1.2   What term is given for part-cargoes carried like this?                                           

1.2   Look at the extract from Lloyd’s Register and answer the questions.              

1.2.1   Where is Sea Hawk registered?                                                                                                      

1.2.2   Where was she built?                                                                                                                                          

1.2.3   During which years was she called Storm Petrel?                                                                  

1.2.4   The mean spring low water depth at Oslo is 12.3 metres. Will she be able to enter the port when fully laden?                                                                                                    

1.2.5   Give a reason for your answer to Question 1.2.4.                                                                     

1.2.6   Will her draught be greater or less when she arrives in Bergen?                       

1.2.7   Explain your answer to Question 1.2.6.                                                                                      

1.2.8   Give four reasons for Sea Hawk being suitable for this cargo.                            

1.2.9   Draw a diagram to show the general arrangement (bow to stern) of Sea Hawk. Her accommodation and engineroom are aft. Show relevant dimensions and the cargo distribution when she sails from Oslo for Bergen.   

2. The route for Sea Hawk is shown below.

• The figures in brackets show the number of days the ship will be in the port.
• The number of days on the voyages between ports are given.
• She will take a full stem of bunkers at Durban. She will bunker at Las Palmas on the northbound voyage and probably won’t need to bunker again for the voyage.
• Her charter (from loading at Durban to finish discharge in Cape Town) includes the loading of a cargo of machinery in her holds and 170 40-foot containers on deck.

2.1   How many days will Sea Hawk be at sea during the voyage from Durban to Norway and back to Cape Town? Include the days at anchor off Cape Town.                   

2.2   How many days will she be in port from the time she arrives in Durban until she finishes discharging in Cape Town?                                                                                    

2.3   How many days will she be on charter from the time she arrives in Durban until she finishes discharging in Cape Town?                                                            

2.4   Note her heavy fuel oil capacity. She only consumes heavy fuel oil at sea.

2.4.1   How many tons of HFO will she use from Durban to Las Palmas?               

2.4.2   How many tons will she have left when she arrives at Las Palmas?             

2.4.3   If she takes a full stem of HFO in Las Palmas, how many tons will she take there?                                                                                                                                                    

2.4.4   She will leave Las Palmas with full bunker tanks. Will that be enough for her to reach Cape Town after calling at Oslo, Bergen and Rotterdam?             

2.5   Referring to her container capacity given in the Lloyd’s Register extract, explain why she can take the 170 containers to Cape Town.                                    

2.6   Will her cranes be able to lift machinery with a weight of 18 tons? Answer YES or NO.                                                                                                                                                              

2.7   Explain your answer to Question 2.6.                                                      

3. Sea Hawk went ashore on a beach near Oslo. A tug tried several times to tow her off the beach during the first high tide on the day, but the refloating attempts failed. The tug owner decides to wait until the next high tide before making another attempt to refloat the ship. The following is the tide table for the area on the day the ship went ashore and when the tug attempted to pull her off. The first row of figures is the time (e.g. 01 = 01:00 which is 1 a.m. in the morning; 14 = 14:00 which is 2 p.m. in the afternoon; 20 = 20:00 which is 8 p.m. in the evening.) The second row of figures is the depth of water (in metres) above the average low spring tide level. The average low spring tide depth of water where the ship has grounded is 11.0 metres.

3.1   When is the next high tide?                                                                                                            

3.2   What is the depth of water at the high tide?                                                                               

3.3   The salvage operators have calculated that they will need a depth of 12.6 metres to refloat the ship.                             

3.3.1   Between which hours will the water depth be greater than 12.6 metres.          

3.3.2   When is the water depth the greatest?                                                                                         

3.3.3   What is the greatest water depth after 1300 on that date?                                                      

3.4   What is the term for the agreement between the shipowner and the tug owner that governs the salvage of the ship?                                                                                                           

3.5   Assume that the tug managed to refloat the ship at the second high tide, and she towed Sea Hawk to Oslo where divers inspected the ship’s bottom. No major damage had occurred. Would the tug’s salvage claim have been upheld for this operation? (Answer YES or NO.)                                                         

4. The IMO governs all matters to do with international shipping. Member countries of the IMO have to ensure that their legal system includes all aspects relating the IMO’s regulations, codes and conventions. One of these codes is the ISPS (International Ship and Port Security Code). Explain what this code is and provide the measures that a ship’s agent has to take to ensure that a ship complies fully with that code.

5. Why has the owner decided to put Sea Hawk under a ship management company?

6. Well before his ship’s arrival, the master sends the following message to his agents in Oslo :

6.1   Which three Norwegian government agencies will need to attend Sea Hawk on her arrival in Oslo?                                                                                                                                       

6.2   Who will supply the stores requested by the ship?                                                                

6.3   List the companies/agencies that will appear on the disbursement account that the agent will prepare once the ship has sailed from Oslo.                      

6.4   To whom is the disbursement account sent?                                                                              

7. Sea Hawk has been chartered to move the part-cargoes from Durban to Oslo and Bergen and to load the machinery and containers in Rotterdam for Cape Town.

7.1   What type of charter is this?                                                                                                                             

7.2   During the period on charter, who is responsible for crewing the ship? Choose your answer from CHARTERER or AGENT or OWNER.                    

7.3   During the period she was ashore near Oslo, she was — —- . Give the missing term.                                                                                                                                                 

7.4   What is the document that governs the period on charter?                                                    

8. Territorial waters extend seaward for 12 nautical miles from the salient points of the country. Explain what the term territorial waters means to a country.

9. A ship’s operating cost will include a number of items, including the repayment the loans that the owner took from a bank (or banks) when he bought the ship. The operating cost also includes depreciation on the ship, i.e. the book value of the ship gets less by a certain percentage each year.

9.1   Brent Shipping took a loan of $20 000 000 to buy Sea Hawk in 2015, and signed an agreement to repay the loan over 15 years. Excluding interest, what will be the annual repayment on the loan?                             

9.2   The total value of Sea Hawk when purchased was $36 000 000. If depreciation is calculated at 15% per year, what will her book value be at the end of 2018 (three years later and excluding interest)?                                       

9.3   Give another two costs that are included in the operating cost.